HTML Symbol Entities

Certain characters have special significance in HTML, and should be represented by HTML entities if they are to preserve their meanings. This function returns a string with some of these conversions made; the translations made are those most useful for everyday web programming.

This function is useful in preventing user-supplied text from containing HTML markup, such as in a message board or guest book application.

Example:

• '&' (ampersand) becomes '&'
• '"' (double quote) becomes '"'
• ''' (single quote) becomes '''
• '<' (less than) becomes '&lt;'
• '>' (greater than) becomes '&gt;'

HTML encode      HTML decode

Input:



Output:

HTML Symbol Entities

This entity reference includes mathematical symbols, Greek characters, various arrows, technical symbols and shapes.

Note: Entity names are case sensitive.

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Math Symbols Supported by HTML

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description
∀	∀	∀	for all
∂	∂	∂	part
∃	∃	&exists;	exists
∅	∅	∅	empty
∇	∇	∇	nabla
∈	∈	∈	isin
∉	∉	∉	notin
∋	∋	∋	ni
∏	∏	∏	prod
∑	∑	∑	sum
−	−	−	minus
∗	∗	∗	lowast
√	√	√	square root
∝	∝	∝	proportional to
∞	∞	∞	infinity
∠	∠	∠	angle
∧	∧	∧	and
∨	∨	∨	or
∩	∩	∩	cap
∪	∪	∪	cup
∫	∫	∫	integral
∴	∴	∴	therefore
∼	∼	∼	simular to
≅	≅	≅	approximately equal
≈	≈	≈	almost equal
≠	≠	≠	not equal
≡	≡	≡	equivalent
≤	≤	≤	less or equal
≥	≥	≥	greater or equal
⊂	⊂	⊂	subset of
⊃	⊃	⊃	superset of
⊄	⊄	⊄	not subset of
⊆	⊆	⊆	subset or equal
⊇	⊇	⊇	superset or equal
⊕	⊕	⊕	circled plus
⊗	⊗	⊗	cirled times
⊥	⊥	⊥	perpendicular
⋅	⋅	⋅	dot operator

Greek Letters Supported by HTML

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description
Α	Α	Α	Alpha
Β	Β	Β	Beta
Γ	Γ	Γ	Gamma
Δ	Δ	Δ	Delta
Ε	Ε	Ε	Epsilon
Ζ	Ζ	Ζ	Zeta
Η	Η	Η	Eta
Θ	Θ	Θ	Theta
Ι	Ι	Ι	Iota
Κ	Κ	Κ	Kappa
Λ	Λ	Λ	Lambda
Μ	Μ	Μ	Mu
Ν	Ν	Ν	Nu
Ξ	Ξ	Ξ	Xi
Ο	Ο	Ο	Omicron
Π	Π	Π	Pi
Ρ	Ρ	Ρ	Rho
	undefined		Sigmaf
Σ	Σ	Σ	Sigma
Τ	Τ	Τ	Tau
Υ	Υ	Υ	Upsilon
Φ	Φ	Φ	Phi
Χ	Χ	Χ	Chi
Ψ	Ψ	Ψ	Psi
Ω	Ω	Ω	Omega
α	α	α	alpha
β	β	β	beta
γ	γ	γ	gamma
δ	δ	δ	delta
ε	ε	ε	epsilon
ζ	ζ	ζ	zeta
η	η	η	eta
θ	θ	θ	theta
ι	ι	ι	iota
κ	κ	κ	kappa
λ	λ	λ	lambda
μ	μ	μ	mu
ν	ν	ν	nu
ξ	ξ	ξ	xi
ο	ο	ο	omicron
π	π	π	pi
ρ	ρ	ρ	rho
ς	ς	ς	sigmaf
σ	σ	σ	sigma
τ	τ	τ	tau
υ	υ	υ	upsilon
φ	φ	φ	phi
χ	χ	χ	chi
ψ	ψ	ψ	psi
ω	ω	ω	omega
ϑ	ϑ	ϑ	theta symbol
ϒ	ϒ	ϒ	upsilon symbol
ϖ	ϖ	ϖ	pi symbol

Other Entities Supported by HTML

Character	Entity Number	Entity Name	Description
Œ	Œ	Œ	capital ligature OE
œ	œ	œ	small ligature oe
Š	Š	Š	capital S with caron
š	š	š	small S with caron
Ÿ	Ÿ	Ÿ	capital Y with diaeres
ƒ	ƒ	ƒ	f with hook
ˆ	ˆ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
˜	˜	˜	small tilde
	 	 	en space
	 	 	em space
	 	 	thin space
‌	‌	‌	zero width non-joiner
‍	‍	‍	zero width joiner
‎	‎	‎	left-to-right mark
‏	‏	‏	right-to-left mark
–	–	–	en dash
—	—	—	em dash
‘	‘	‘	left single quotation mark
’	’	’	right single quotation mark
‚	‚	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
“	“	“	left double quotation mark
”	”	”	right double quotation mark
„	„	„	double low-9 quotation mark
†	†	†	dagger
‡	‡	‡	double dagger
•	•	•	bullet
…	…	…	horizontal ellipsis
‰	‰	‰	per mille
′	′	′	minutes
″	″	″	seconds
‹	‹	‹	single left angle quotation
›	›	›	single right angle quotation
‾	‾	‾	overline
€	€	€	euro
™	™	™	trademark
←	←	←	left arrow
↑	↑	↑	up arrow
→	→	→	right arrow
↓	↓	↓	down arrow
↔	↔	↔	left right arrow
↵	↵	↵	carriage return arrow
⌈	⌈	⌈	left ceiling
⌉	⌉	⌉	right ceiling
⌊	⌊	⌊	left floor
⌋	⌋	⌋	right floor
◊	◊	◊	lozenge
♠	♠	♠	spade
♣	♣	♣	club
♥	♥	♥	heart
♦	♦	♦	diamond